Sewage discharge from illegal drainage pipes caused pervasive coastal and water pollution in the city of Santos, Brazil. Erosion of the local tourist industry then caused a deep recession in the 1970s.
In Bagadadji, one of the oldest areas of Bamako, Mali, a project entitled "Improved Cesspools" was designed and is carried out on the basic premise that the local population should be involved in managing their own environment.
In 1993, The ReSource Institute for Low Entropy Systems (ReSource) started a sanitation and pollution prevention project in Puerto Morelos, Mexico that has composting toilets as its technological centerpiece.